Gambling is the wagering of something of value on a random event, where instances of strategy are discounted. It can be as simple as placing a coin in a slot machine or as complex as predicting the outcome of a sporting event. While it may seem that gambling is a harmless pastime, it is in fact very dangerous. In the United States alone, over 2.5 million people meet diagnostic criteria for a gambling disorder, and another 5-8 million have a less severe problem. Many of those who struggle with gambling have children, spouses and jobs that can be negatively impacted by their addiction.
It is estimated that one person with a gambling problem affects at least seven other family members, friends, co-workers and acquaintances. This includes those who are not gamblers themselves, but live with or work with someone who is a gambler. The consequences of gambling are far-reaching, and can affect the health and welfare of entire communities.
In addition to the emotional and financial impacts of gambling, it is important to note that it can have significant negative effects on a person’s physical health as well. People who gamble regularly are more likely to experience depression, anxiety and stress disorders, as well as high levels of heart disease and strokes. They are also at a greater risk of substance abuse problems, including alcohol and illegal drugs, and they are more likely to commit violent crimes.
People who have a gambling problem can start to lose control of their behavior at any age. Those who develop problems as teenagers often do so because they have not yet developed the skills to manage their emotions and impulses. They may be attracted to video games and other forms of electronic entertainment that require micro-transactions and payments. Similarly, those in their twenties or thirties can become addicted to gambling for coping reasons – to forget their worries, to feel more confident and self-assured, or to escape from boredom or stress.
There is no single form of gambling that is more addictive than others. Lotteries, casino games and sports betting all have the potential to lead to addiction. But there are some common risk factors that make a person more susceptible to developing a gambling problem, including the desire for status and specialness – traits that are promoted by casinos – impulsivity, boredom susceptibility and a poor understanding of the concept of random events. These factors are influenced by genetics, environment and culture. They are also reinforced by peer support groups such as those offered by Gamblers Anonymous, which is based on the 12-step program developed by Alcoholics Anonymous. These groups help people overcome their gambling addictions and develop better coping skills. They can also provide advice on how to deal with a loved one who has a problem. They can offer support with managing the household budget, credit and finances; and they can help a person find healthy ways to fill their leisure time.